Gumroad made itself more transparent by releasing its source code and becoming a source-available project. That deserves recognition, even though Gumroad is not open source due to its restrictive license. Software is only open source if it does not discriminate against any person or group, even when the discrimination is viewed as positive.

The FuriPhone FLX1 meets all of your requirements:

• It runs the Debian-based FuriOS, which is FOSS.
• Among phones with Linux (excluding Android) preloaded, its specifications are among the best available, including a camera with PDAF and OIS, a 120Hz screen, and a replaceable 5,000 mAh battery. It also supports 5G and VoLTE, and has IP68 water resistance.
• FuriOS includes Android app support via a fork of Waydroid.
• The phone and the Linux distro are actively maintained.
• Furi Labs is based in Hong Kong.

Most of the people I’ve introduced to Linux don’t even use the shell. Beginner-friendly Linux distros are perfectly usable without ever touching a terminal, just as most people use Windows without ever touching PowerShell (or worse, the Registry Editor).