Neat! I had never heard of this type of chart before, so I looked it up and found this link explaining how they work: https://sixsigmastudyguide.com/xmr-charts/

I think the interpretation of this chart is: In the 2020s, there is a statistically significant change in how many people share the Nobel prize in physics (more people are sharing it). We could speculate on what the reason for that could be. All that the data tells us that the effect is meaningful.